Attitudes

Women's sexuality.

Recent research has challenged some of the long-held stereotypes about the sexes and how vastly different men and women are. This isn't to say that sex differences aren't real - it's just that men and women are actually more similar than they are different. Part of the difficulty in doing research on sex differences in sexuality is the bias that manifests itself in self-report data. Women are much more likely to underreport all aspects of sexuality, and men are more likely to overreport. How much this effects research on sex differences isn't entirely clear.

The New York Times recently published an excellent piece (despite some minor problems) about women's sexuality, in particular sexual desire. The piece is adapted from the book, What Do Women Want? Adventures in the Science of Female Desire.. It's long, but worth reading, and it mentions much of the stuff we discussed in class.

Unexcited? There May Be a Pill for That

Linneah sat at a desk at the Center for Sexual Medicine at Sheppard Pratt in the suburbs of Baltimore and filled out a questionnaire. She read briskly, making swift checks beside her selected answers, and when she was finished, she handed the pages across the desk to Martina Miller, who gave her a round of pills.

The pills were either a placebo or a new drug called Lybrido, created to stoke sexual desire in women. Checking her computer, Miller pointed out gently that Linneah hadn’t been doing her duty as a study participant. Over the past eight weeks, she took the tablets before she planned to have sex, and for every time she put a pill on her tongue, she was supposed to make an entry in her online diary about her level of lust.

“I know, I know,” Linneah said. She is a 44-year-old part-time elementary-school teacher, and that day she wore red pants and a canary yellow scarf. (She asked that only a nickname be used to protect her privacy.) “It’s a mess. I keep forgetting.”

Miller, a study coordinator, began a short interview, typing Linneah’s replies into a database that the medication’s Dutch inventor, Adriaan Tuiten, will present to the Food and Drug Administration this summer or fall as part of his campaign to win the agency’s approval and begin marketing what might become the first female-desire drug in America. “Thinking about your desire now,” Miller said, “would you say it is absent, very low, low, reasonable or present?”

“Low.” This was no different from Linneah’s reply at the trial’s outset two months before.

“When your partner initiated sexual activity over the past eight weeks, did you show avoidance behavior?”

“Yes.”

“Like earlier to bed?”

“Yes.” Linneah’s voice lurched louder; she laughed; it was a relief to talk bluntly.

“Do you have pleasant feelings when you’re touched?”

“Yes.”

Later, after her appointment, she told me that in fact she has orgasms pretty much every time she and her husband have sex — that wasn’t the problem. “There’s something that’s stopping me from wanting it,” she said. “I don’t know what it is. I can’t tell you what it is.”

Go read the rest here.

Some interesting commentary from Jezebel (link here).

Blog: Beautiful Labia.

Presumably this blog was originally created to normalize all different sizes, shapes, and colours of vulva. I don't think the creator had expected that it would be as popular as it has become, or that anonymous followers would submit photos of their own labia. There are pages of submissions, interspersed with photos collected off the web, and comments and questions from followers (mostly about their own labia). If you aren't already convinced that there isn't a prototypical, so-called normal vulva, then go check out the submissions here (NSFW!).

High school student takes on AO sex ed.

From ThinkProgress:

High Schooler Protests ‘Slut-Shaming’ Abstinence Assembly Despite Alleged Threats From Her Principal

A West Virginia high school student is filing an injunction against her principal, who she claims is threatening to punish her for speaking out against a factually inaccurate abstinence assembly at her school. Katelyn Campbell, who is the student body vice president at George Washington High School, alleges her principal threatened to call the college where she’s been accepted to report that she has “bad character.”

George Washington High School recently hosted a conservative speaker, Pam Stenzel, who travels around the country to advocate an abstinence-only approach to teen sexuality. Stenzel has a long history of using inflammatory rhetoric to convince young people that they will face dire consequences for becoming sexually active. At GW’s assembly, Stenzel allegedly told students that “if you take birth control, your mother probably hates you” and “I could look at any one of you in the eyes right now and tell if you’re going to be promiscuous.” She also asserted that condoms aren’t safe, and every instance of sexual contact will lead to a sexually transmitted infection.

Campbell refused to attend the assembly, which was funded by a conservative religious organization called “Believe in West Virginia” and advertised with fliers that proclaimed “God’s plan for sexual purity.” Instead, she filed a complaint with the ACLU and began to speak out about her objections to this type of school-sponsored event. Campbell called Stenzel’s presentation “slut shaming” and said that it made many students uncomfortable.

GW Principal George Aulenbacher, on the other hand, didn’t see anything wrong with hosting Stenzel. “The only way to guarantee safety is abstinence. Sometimes, that can be a touchy topic, but I was not offended by her,” he told the West Virginia Gazette last week.

But it didn’t end with a simple difference of opinion among Campbell and her principal. The high school senior alleges that Aulenbacher threatened to call Wellesley College, where Campbell has been accepted to study in the fall, after she spoke to the press about her objections to the assembly. According to Campbell, her principal said, “How would you feel if I called your college and told them what bad character you have and what a backstabber you are?” Campbell alleges that Aulenbacher continued to berate her in his office, eventually driving her to tears. “He threatened me and my future in order to put forth his own personal agenda and make teachers and students feel they cant speak up because of fear of retaliation,” she said of the incident.

Despite being threatened, Campbell is not backing down. She hopes that filing this injunction will protect her freedom of speech to continue advocating for comprehensive sexual health resources for West Virginia’s youth. “West Virginia has the ninth highest pregnancy rate in the U.S.,” Campbell told the Gazette. “I should be able to be informed in my school what birth control is and how I can get it. With the policy at GW, under George Aulenbacher, information about birth control and sex education has been suppressed. Our nurse wasn’t allowed to talk about where you can get birth control for free in the city of Charleston.”

Campbell’s complaints about her high school reflect a problematic trend across the country. There are serious consequences when figures like Stenzel repeatedly tell young Americans that contraception isn’t safe. Partly because of the scientific misinformation that often pervades abstinence-only curricula, an estimated 60 percent of young adults are misinformed about birth control’s effectiveness — and some of those teens choose not to use it because they assume it won’t make any difference. Predictably, the states that lack adequate sex ed requirements are also the states that have the highest rates of teen pregnancy and STDs.

Some of Campbell’s fellow students at GW High School are also rallying for her cause. They plan to take up the issue at a local board of education meeting, which is scheduled for Thursday evening.

And a tweet from Wellesley College in response to all the brouhaha:

New app: Lulu.

From The Gloss:

Review Men Like Restaurants With New Lulu App, The Yelp Of Romance (For Girls!)

Someone once Tweeted, ”Yelp.com: explore where local illiterates have recently stopped eating.”

If you are one of the many people who find Yelp to be a source of valuable information (not in the social anthropology sense), however, you may be receptive to this new Lulu app, which is to men as Yelp is to restaurants. All you need is a Facebook profile confirming your femaleness and you can go on Lulu and review exes, crushes, hook-ups, current loves, friends and relatives. Like meat, but with abs.

According to founder Alexandra Chong, she “created Lulu because my girlfriends and I needed it.” But also because people will download and use such a service, seeing as how any technology that promotes and cultivates human vileness tends to be very popular.

Here is a description of Lulu for you, by Lulu:

Lulu is the smart girls’ app for private recommendations and reviews on guys.

Lulu takes its cues from the real world: we meet a guy and think he’s cute, but want to know if he’s the charmer he appears or really a wolf in sheep’s clothing. So we ask our girlfriends, and look him up on Facebook and Google. It’s a private, fun ritual we all indulge in, often complicated by the fact that we don’t want the guy to know we’re checking out his creds.

Enter Lulu—the first database of men, built by women, for women. Through Lulu, you can read and write reviews of guys, which are pulled from a variety of tools, questionnaires, and fun features. The reviews show numerical scores across a number of categories, putting the emphasis on collective wisdom.

[...]

But there are obviously bigger and grosser aspects than the stupid hashtags. Namely, this whole thing is really objectifying. People aren’t movies. Or restaurants. They shouldn’t be reviewed and then ranked, publicly, according to their score. That’s what Maxim does.

It’s also impressive how poorly Lulu manages to reflect on both genders. Not every woman internet stalks dudes and then gabs with her “girlfriends” about it over lemon drops or half-caff beverages or fat free stuff because life isn’t the first act of a fucking romcom. Moreover still, not everybody’s straight (though Lulu is only concerned with them). Things just harken back to a simpler time with the Lulu app, a time when men were men (with lots of money and cars and love-believing!) and women were kind of sad and desperate with no real personality to speak of. Per the brand’s press release: Lulu aims “to create a discreet, private space for girls to talk about the most important issues in their lives: their relationships.” The worst.

Though we’re certainly more used to seeing stuff like this with women as the target, we’d like to emphasize this sucks when it’s done to anyone. Regardless of gender, we’re not in favor of anything that offers a space for people to say mean things about other people* under the guise of helping… though the glossy, airheaded faux female empowerment makes it even harder to swallow.

Read the rest here.

The homepage for the app is here.

Some enterprising young man has created an app that allows men access to the Lulu database (which they can't normally access) and see their own reviews, and reviews of their Facebook friends. Check it out here.

Course on pornography?

This story makes me feel very grateful to teach where I teach.

From the College Fix:

College Offers Course Devoted Entirely To Pornography

A relatively new Pasadena City College class called “Navigating Pornography” – devoted to giving students a venue to study and discuss a touchy topic in an academic setting, according to its professor – has already prompted praise and concern.

First offered last spring, the class is a for-credit elective open to all students and does not require any prerequisites. In just one year, it’s come under national scrutiny after its instructor, Professor Hugo Schwyzer, invited a porn star to speak to its students.

But Schwyzer defended Navigating Pornography in an interview with The College Fix, calling the subject matter legitimate.

“(The course) focuses on giving students tools to understand pornography as a historical and contemporary phenomenon,” Schwyzer told The College Fix. “Students today live in a porn-saturated culture and very rarely get a chance to learn about it in a safe, non-judgmental, intellectually thoughtful way.”

[...]

He said he hopes students come out of the course with a better personal understanding of some of the seminal issues of pornography, such as: “why we love porn … why some people are deeply troubled by it … and how both to make decisions about porn in their own lives and how to have conversations about porn with others.”

Response to the course in the Pasadena community has been “excellent” in most respects, “save from some in the administration and the community,” according to Schwyzer.

“Students welcome it,” he adds.

Yet in an interview with The College Fix, a colleague of Schwyzer’s who teaches at the same community college called the course “absolutely appalling.” He asked not to be named, citing tension at the campus over the course, which recently prompted a wave of national controversy over its guest speakers: porn stars.

Read the rest here.

A message to the Abolitionists.

Recommended reading from Tits and Sass:

What Antis Can Do To Help, Part One: Aiding Those Still in the Industry

I am a sex worker who hates the sex industry. As an anti-capitalist, I hate all industries. It’s not quite as if I’d prefer another system in place of capitalism. If I had to describe my ideology in positive terms, I’d call it fatalistic socialism, which I define as the belief that socialism would be really nice if we wouldn’t inevitably fuck it up. (Maybe I’m a Voluntary Human Extinctionist.) However, just because I have no solution to the current state of affairs and happen to be a misanthrope of the highest degree, doesn’t mean I can’t keep my hate-boner for capitalism in general and the sex industry in particular.

I’m not alone in my hatred of the sex industry, of course. Sex work abolitionist feminists* (see note below) — or as they are often known, the Antis — are right up there with so many religious zealots, conservatives, liberals, anarchists, and ecofeminists in the anti-sex industry brigade. They’re known as “Antis” because they’re also anti-porn, anti-prostitution, and anti-sex work in general (and typically anti-kink, anti-transgender, and even anti-penetrative sex as well.) A particularly perverse sort of second-wave radical feminists, Antis are a loose collection of mostly white, middle-class, able-bodied women from the Global North, the vast majority of who have never been in the sex industry. Still, they make it their mission to eradicate the industry by “ending demand” for ALL sexual services, so as to free ALL women from coercive male sexuality.

I find plenty of their theoretical points (if not their attendant practical solutions) agreeable to my own ideology. The sex industry is about satisfying male sexual desire at the expense of female sexual desire. Its continued existence is predicated on the economic and sexual exploitation of women, particularly queer women, trans women, poor women, disabled women, and women of color. But, just like I wouldn’t try to tear down capitalism and free all the “wage slaves” by burning down factories and leaving the workers jobless, I’m not going to destroy patriarchy and “save” myself and my fellow sex workers by scaring off—er, re-educating our sources of income. If sex work abolition succeeds, it will liberate millions of women (and men, third gender, and agender folks as well) right into homelessness. Further, in the interim, advocacy for abolition results in the kind of social marginalization and shitty public policies that exacerbate the discrimination and violence we as sex workers face on a daily basis.

Go read the rest here.

Racism in pornography.

From Jezebel:

Porn Performers Agree: The Porn Industry Is Racist

Much like the modeling industry, the porn industry deals with surface, exteriors, looks, bodies. And, as it turns out, like modeling, porn is full of racial inequities.

In March, porn star Aurora Snow told the Daily Beast that "on-camera race relations are a complicated topic" in porn's "fantasyland." The myth is that white women who don't have sex with black men on camera earn more. Snow, who is white, was asked, point blank when she got into the business, whether or not she "did interracial." But some agencies only have a small group of performers willing to do interracial.

And as Keli Goff writes for The Root:

In an age in which multiracial families are among the fastest growing in the nation, it is hard to fathom that there is a national industry, $10 billion strong, in which interracial couplings are considered career suicide. It seems that the historical taboo of black men sleeping with white women is one sexual hang-up that even the porn industry is unwilling to get over.

But! Scenes between white men and black women? Very popular. It's just black men that are somehow considered taboo. (Thai porn star Keni Styles once said that women who have worked with him will tell him they don't do interracial; they don't see working with him as interracial sex — that means black guys.)

Goff reports:

Mark Potok, a senior fellow at the Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks hate groups, is not particularly surprised that there are those who still frown on sex between black men and white women, telling The Root, "Racism has so much to do with sex, and always has. The first era [Ku Klux] Klan was absolutely obsessed with fear of white women being violated by black men."

When asked about the popularity of other interracial pairings in porn, Potok replied, "It is remarkable how attractive to certain people what looks forbidden is. It is mind-blowing how often we discover the Klan leader with the black transvestite or the neo-Nazi leader with the black girlfriend. It happens very frequently."

Goff interviews black porn performer Misty Stone, who reveals that black women in porn are consistently paid substantially less than white women, no matter the project. And while a white performer can get away with refusing to work with black men, Stone says that as a black woman, "it would not go over well" if she refused to work with a white man.

Goff also talks to Lexington Steele. A former stockbroker, he's one of the most successful black guys in the porn industry — partly because he founded his own company. He tells Goff:

"Quite honestly, adult media is the only major business that allows for the practice of exclusion based upon race."

Sounds like something that's been said about modeling. It's hard not to compare the two, since they're both about fantasies, deal with physical performance, and the participants stand to earn a lot of money. And as long as the folks running both industries have a narrow view of what's desirable, the problem will persist.

Is the Porn Industry Racist? [The Root] Interracial Sex Still Taboo for Many Porn Stars [Daily Beast]

 

Does pornography deserve its bad rap?

The New York Times recently held a debate on pornography. They put together a panel of people with differing viewpoints who are well-respected in their respective areas of expertise. Here are the debaters:

I realize that time is a very limited resource for most of you, but the essays are mostly short and to the point. Keep in mind that they are not all based on research; the essays are mostly opinion pieces. But, they are worth reading, at the very least, to get an understanding of the various viewpoints people have.

To read the essays, click here.

Signs from the DOMA/Prop 8 protest.

Currently, the US Supreme Court is hearing a case that could reshape marriage laws across the entire US. The case began in California, where changes to the state constitution made gay marriage legal. These changes were repealed due to majority support for ballot proposition 8 (Prop 8). Prop 8 was challenged in California court, and the case then made its way to the US Supreme Court. Federally, the Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) restricts marriage to men with women. The Supreme court has the option of overturning DOMA, although they'll likely wimp out and only address the case in California. There have been protests outside the Supreme Court all week by both sides in the battle for marriage equality. Taryn passed along a link from Buzzfeed featuring the 60 best signs from supporters of gay marriage (thanks!). Here are a selection:

See the rest here.

A feminist's take on BDSM.

Over at Jezebel, from an interview with Jessica Wakeman:

The argument that women who enjoy BDSM are "taught" they should be submissive in bed is insulting to me as a feminist: I'm not a little girl who needs other people to tell me what's best for me. I choose to trust the men I "play" with." I know what kind of pornography and erotica turns me on. I know what kind of touch turns me on. I know what kind of words and tone of voice turn me on. In fact, there's sort of a joke in BDSM that submissives are actually the dominant ones because they have ultimate control (like with a safe word). As far as spanking play goes, I've always been the ones telling men to do this to me, to do it harder, to do it softer, and when to stop. I guess you could argue that I've been brainwashed into being kinky, but that would be a reach.

The full interview can be found here.

iO Tillett Wright: Fifty shades of gay.

A must-watch TEDx by iO Wright:

Artist iO Tillett Wright has photographed 2,000 people who consider themselves somewhere on the LBGTQ spectrum and asked many of them: Can you assign a percentage to how gay or straight you are? Most people, it turns out, consider themselves to exist in the gray areas of sexuality, not 100% gay or straight. Which presents a real problem when it comes to discrimination: Where do you draw the line? (Filmed at TEDxWomen.)

As a child actor, iO Tillett Wright turned her shoes around in the bathroom stall so that people would think she was a boy. As a teenager, she fell in love with both women and men. Her life in the grey areas of gender and sexuality deeply inform her work as an artist.

Photographer iO Tillett Wright grew up between genders and sexualities. She's shot 2,000 people who consider themselves somewhere on the LBGTQ spectrum and asked many: can they assign a percentage to how gay or straight they are? Most people consider themselves to exist in the grey areas of sexuality, which presents a real problem when it comes to discrimination.

NoHomophobes.

(click image to make larger)

Passed along by Sherrine (thanks!) - I can't believe it's taken me this long to post.

NoHomophobes is a site that tracks homophobic language by Twitter users in real time. It's displays the word frequencies as well as the actual tweets. The tweets move so quickly (i.e., there are so many of them) that it's impossible to read them before they are replaced by new ones (the site displays 10 at a time). Here's a completely random sample (click to make larger):

Watch the feed here. It's depressing.

Worldwide porn preferences.

I can't even begin to describe how much I love data like this (and like the data from Match.com posted earlier this week). Academic research is obviously the gold standard when it comes to the sciences, but data collected through websites that have millions of users is also highly informative, despite it's typical lack of scientific rigour.

PornMD is a worldwide porn search engine that searches content across many very popular porn websites (SpankWire, YouPorn, XTube, etc.). As you can probably imagine, millions of searches have been conducted through the site, and someone wise has been collecting all the data from those searches. PornMD recently released some of that data. They've tallied the most frequent searches by region (within the US and across the world), and created infographics to display their findings. Check them all out here.

Some of the more interesting findings:

  • MILFs (Mothers I'd Like to Fuck - in other words, women aged ~30+) are now more popular in the states than teens (and in many other countries, too)
  • Asians top the list in Canada
  • Ebony (African American) tops the list in Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas
  • despite claims by Ahmadinejad, the president of Iran, that there are no homosexuals in Iran, 5 of the top 10 most frequent searches in Iran are for gay content

Polyandry.

From The Atlantic:

When Taking Multiple Husbands Makes Sense

For generations, anthropologists have told their students a fairly simple story about polyandry -- the socially recognized mating of one woman to two or more males. The story has gone like this:

While we can find a cluster of roughly two dozen societies on the Tibetan plateau in which polyandry exists as a recognized form of mating, those societies count as anomalous within humankind. And because polyandry doesn't exist in most of the world, if you could jump into a time machine and head back thousands of years, you probably wouldn't find polyandry in our evolutionary history.

That's not the case, though, according to a recent paper in Human Nature co-authored by two anthropologists, Katherine Starkweather, a PhD candidate at the University of Missouri, and Raymond Hames, professor of anthropology at the University of Nebraska. While earning her masters under Hames' supervision, Starkweather undertook a careful survey of the literature, and found anthropological accounts of 53 societies outside of the "classic polyandrous" Tibetan region that recognize and allow polyandrous unions. (Disclosure: I first learned of Starkweather's project while researching a controversy involving Hames and he is now a friend.)

Indeed, according to Starkweather and Hames, anthropologists have documented social systems for polyandrous unions "among foragers in a wide variety of environments ranging from the Arctic to the tropics, and to the desert." Recognizing that at least half these groups are hunter-gatherer societies, the authors conclude that, if those groups are similar to our ancestors -- as we may reasonably suspect -- then "it is probable that polyandry has a deep human history."

Read the rest here.

Research from Match.com.

Back in 2011 Match.com, a massive online dating site, bought OKCupid, another massive online dating sites. Someone at OKCupid, being a total data dork and genius, started analyzing data the site collected and published the findings on the OKCupid blog, OKTrends. It was amazing, and became very popular. I've posted about it before (here, here, here and here). When Match.com bought OKCupid, they were smart enough to keep the blog going, albeit under a new name (link here). They've started creating videos based on their data. Here is the most recent one: 

Starring Tim Dunn, Jim Santangeli and Matt Gehring www.r-d-media.com

They also still publish their data in text format, too. Here's some recent data on FWB relationships:

Friends with Benefits: An Emerging Stage in Romance? 47% of singles are have had a friend with benefits relationship in the past (40% of women and 53% of men). More than ever before, friends with benefits are turning into long-term relationships (2012: 44%, 2011: 20%).

More than ever before, singles are having friends with benefits situations and one-night stands:

One-night stand: 2011: 13%; 2012: 54% Friends with benefits: 2011: 20%; 2012: 47% One Night Stands

1/3 (33%) of singles have had a one-night stand turn into a relationship; more men than women (35% vs. 30%) have experienced this 1/3 of singles (31%) had a one-night stand last year (2012) 44% of single women have had a one-night stand in their past 63% of single men have had a one-night stand in their past

Much more here.